IiMfuno eziKhethekileyo zeMveliso yeMichiza kwiiMpompo

Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokuveliswa kweekhemikhali kwiimpompo zilandelayo.

(1) Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yemichiza
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa imichiza, ipompo ayidlali kuphela indima yokuhambisa izinto, kodwa inika inkqubo kunye nenani elifunekayo lezinto ezifunekayo ukulungelelanisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunye nokuhlangabezana noxinzelelo olufunwa yi-chemical reaction.Ngaphantsi komqathango wokuba isikali sokuvelisa sihlala singatshintshi, ukuhamba kunye nentloko yempompo kuya kuba kuzinzile.Emva kokuba imveliso iguquguquka ngenxa yezinto ezithile, ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma kwempompo kunokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye umpompo unokusebenza okuphezulu.

(2) Ukumelana nokubola
Isixhobo esihanjiswa ngeempompo zekhemikhali, kubandakanywa imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neemveliso eziphakathi, ikakhulu ziyonakalisa.Ukuba izinto zompompo zikhethwe ngokungafanelekanga, iinxalenye ziya kutshatyalaliswa kwaye zingasebenzi xa umpompo usebenza, kwaye umpompo awukwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza.
Kweminye imithombo yeendaba elulwelo, ukuba akukho zixhobo zentsimbi ezixhathisayo kwi-corrosion, izixhobo ezingezizo ezentsimbi zinokusetyenziswa, njengempompo ye-ceramic, impompo yeplastiki, impompo enerabha enerabha, njl. njl.
Xa ukhetha izinto eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela kuphela ukuchasana kwayo kwe-corrosion, kodwa kunye neempawu zayo zomatshini, ubugcisa kunye nexabiso.

(3) Ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphantsi
Ubushushu obuphezulu obuphakathi obuphathwa yimpompo yemichiza lunokwahlulwa ngokubanzi lube yinkqubo yolwelo kunye nolwelo oluthwala ubushushu.Ulwelo lwenkqubo lubhekisa kulwelo olusetyenziswa ekusetyenzweni nasekuthuthweni kweemveliso zemichiza.Ulwelo oluthwala ubushushu lubhekisa kulwelo oluphakathi oluthwele ubushushu.Ezi manzi aphakathi, kwisekethe evaliweyo, zijikelezwe ngumsebenzi wempompo, zifudunyezwe ngumlilo wokufudumeza ukunyusa ubushushu bolwelo oluphakathi, kwaye emva koko zijikelezwe kwinqaba ukuze zinike ubushushu ngokungathanga ngqo kwi-chemical reaction.
Amanzi, i-oyile yedizili, i-oyile ekrwada, ilothe yesinyithi enyibilikisiweyo, imekyuri, njl.Ubushushu bobushushu obuphakathi obuphathwa yimpompo yemichiza bunokufikelela kuma-900 ℃.
Kukho neentlobo ezininzi zeendaba ze-cryogenic ezimpontshwa yiimpompo zemichiza, njengeoksijini elulwelo, initrogen engamanzi, i-argon engamanzi, igesi yendalo engamanzi, i-hydrogen engamanzi, i-methane, i-ethylene, njl. njl. iqondo lobushushu bolwelo olumponthiweyo lumalunga ne-183 ℃.
Njengompompo wekhemikhali osetyenziselwa ukuthutha i-high-temperature kunye ne-low-temperature media, izinto zayo kufuneka zibe namandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuzinza kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, ukushisa kwendawo kunye nokushisa kokugqibela kokuhanjiswa.Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba zonke iindawo zempompo zikwazi ukumelana nokutshitshiswa kwe-thermal kunye nesiphumo esahlukileyo sokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye neengozi ezibandayo ezibandayo.
Kwimeko yokushisa okuphezulu, umpompo kufuneka uxhotyiswe nge-centerline bracket ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigca ye-axis ye-prime mover kunye nepompo ihlala igxininisekile.
I-shaft ephakathi kunye nesikhuselo sobushushu siya kufakwa kwiimpompo zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yobushushu, okanye ukuthintela iipropati ezibonakalayo zothutho oluphakathi ekutshintsheni emva komlinganiselo omkhulu welahleko yobushushu (ezifana ne-viscosity iya kwanda ukuba i-oyile enzima ithuthwa ngaphandle kokugcinwa kobushushu), umaleko wokugquma kufuneka ube ibekwe ngaphandle kwebhokisi yempompo.
I-medium medium ehanjiswa yimpompo ye-cryogenic ngokuqhelekileyo ikwimeko egcweleyo.Emva kokuba ifunxa ukushisa kwangaphandle, kuya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, okwenza ipompo ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.Oku kufuna amanyathelo obushushu obuphantsi kwiqokobhe lempompo ye-cryogenic.I-perlite eyandisiweyo isoloko isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokugquma ubushushu obuphantsi.

(4) Ukunxiba ukuxhathisa
Ukuguga kweempompo zekhemikhali kubangelwa kukuqina okunqunyanyisiweyo ekuhambeni kolwelo olunesantya esiphezulu.I-abrasion kunye nomonakalo weempompo zekhemikhali zihlala ziqhubela phambili ukubola okuphakathi.Ngenxa yokuba ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion yesinyithi kunye ne-alloys kuxhomekeke kwifilimu ye-passivation kumphezulu, xa ifilimu ye-passivation iphelile, isinyithi siya kuba kwimeko esebenzayo, kwaye i-corrosion iya kuhla ngokukhawuleza.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kwiimpompo zekhemikhali: enye kukusebenzisa izinto ezinzima kakhulu, ezihlala ziqhwala, njenge-silicon cast iron;Enye kukugubungela inxalenye yangaphakathi yempompo kunye ne-impeller kunye ne-rubber ethambileyo.Ngokomzekelo, kwiimpompo zekhemikhali ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njenge-alum ore slurry esetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto eziluhlaza ze-potassium, intsimbi ye-manganese kunye ne-ceramic lining ingasetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli yepompo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo, i-impeller evulekile ingasetyenziselwa ukuthutha ulwelo oluxubileyo.Igobolondo yempompo egudileyo kunye ne-impeller flow passage zikwalungile ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa kweempompo zekhemikhali.

(5) Akukho okanye ukuvuza okuncinci
Uninzi lwemithombo yeendaba ezilulwelo ezithuthwa ngeempompo zekhemikhali ziyatsha, ziyaqhuma kwaye zinetyhefu;Ezinye izinto zosasazo ziqulethe izinto ezinemitha.Ukuba ezi mediums zivuza emoyeni zisuka kwimpompo, zinokubangela umlilo okanye zichaphazele impilo yendalo kwaye zilimaza umzimba womntu.Ezinye imidiya ziyabiza, kwaye ukuvuza kuya kubangela inkcitho enkulu.Ngoko ke, iimpompo zeekhemikhali zifunwa ukuba kungabikho okanye ukuvuza okungaphantsi, okudinga umsebenzi kwi-shaft seal yempompo.Khetha izixhobo zokutywina ezifanelekileyo kunye nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo sokutywinwa komatshini ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwesitywina se-shaft;Ukuba impompo ekhuselweyo kunye nempompo yokutywina ye-magnetic drive ikhethiwe, i-shaft seal ayiyi kuvuza emoyeni.

(6) Ukusebenza okuthembekileyo
Ukusebenza kwepompo yeekhemikhali kunokwethenjelwa, kubandakanywa nemiba emibini: ukusebenza kwexesha elide ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kweeparitha ezahlukeneyo.Ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kubalulekile kwimveliso yeekhemikhali.Ukuba ipompo ihlala ingaphumeleli, ayiyi kubangela ukuvala rhoqo, kuchaphazela inzuzo yezoqoqosho, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kubangela izingozi zokhuseleko kwinkqubo yeekhemikhali.Umzekelo, umbhobho wempompo yeoli ekrwada osetyenziswa njengesithwala ubushushu uyema ngequbuliso xa usebenza, kwaye iziko lokufudumeza alinaxesha lokucima, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ityhubhu yesithando somlilo ishushu kakhulu, okanye ide igqabhuke, ibangele umlilo.
Ukuguquguquka kwesantya sempompo kwishishini lemichiza kuya kubangela ukuguquguquka kokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma kwepompo, ukwenzela ukuba ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali akunakusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusabela kwinkqubo kuchaphazelekayo, kwaye izinto azikwazi ukulungelelaniswa, kubangele inkunkuma;Nokwenza umgangatho wemveliso wehle okanye ulahlwe.
Kumzi-mveliso odinga ukulungiswa kanye ngonyaka, umjikelo oqhubekayo wokusebenza wempompo kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-8000h.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yokulungiswa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu, i-API 610 kunye ne-GB / T 3215 ichaza ukuba umjikelo oqhubekayo wokusebenza kweepompo ze-centrifugal ze-petroleum, iikhemikhali ezinzima kunye namashishini egesi yendalo iya kuba ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu.

(7) Ukukwazi ukuhambisa ulwelo kwimeko ebalulekileyo
Ulwelo olukwimeko ebaluleke kakhulu luthanda ukuba ngumphunga xa ubushushu bunyuka okanye uxinzelelo luyancipha.Iimpompo zekhemikhali ngamanye amaxesha zithutha ulwelo kwimeko ebaluleke kakhulu.Emva kokuba i-liquid vaporize kwimpompo, kulula ukubangela umonakalo we-cavitation, efuna ukuba umpompo ube nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-anti cavitation.Ngelo xesha, i-vaporization ye-liquid inokubangela ukuxutywa kunye nokubandakanyeka kwamalungu ashukumisayo kunye ne-static kwimpompo, efuna ukukhutshwa okukhulu.Ukuze ugweme umonakalo wokutywinwa komatshini, ukupakisha ukutywinwa, ukutywinwa kwe-labyrinth, njl. ngenxa ye-friction eyomileyo ngenxa ye-vaporization yolwelo, loo mpompo yeekhemikhali kufuneka ibe nesakhiwo sokukhupha ngokupheleleyo igesi eyenziwe kwimpompo.
Kwiimpompo ezihambisa ulwelo olubalulekileyo oluphakathi, ukupakishwa kwesitywina se-shaft kunokwenziwa ngezinto ezinokusebenza kakuhle kokuzithambisa, okufana ne-PTFE, igraphite, njl.njl. Kwisakhiwo sokutywinwa kwe-shaft, ngaphezu kokupakisha itywina, isiphelo esiphindwe kabini sokutywinwa komatshini okanye i-labyrinth seal can nazo zisetyenziswe.Xa isitywina esiphindwe kabini soomatshini samkelwe, umngxuma phakathi kobuso obubini uzaliswe lulwelo lokutywina lwangaphandle;Xa i-labyrinth seal yamkelwa, igesi yokutywina ngoxinzelelo oluthile inokwaziswa ngaphandle.Xa ulwelo olutywinayo okanye igesi yokutywina ivuza kwimpompo, kufuneka ingabi nabungozi kumoya ompompozayo, njengokuvuza emoyeni.Umzekelo, i-methanol ingasetyenziswa njengolwelo lokutywina kumngxuma wokutywinwa komatshini wobuso obuphindwe kabini xa uthutha i-ammonia elulwelo kwimeko ebalulekileyo;
I-nitrogen inokufakwa kwi-labyrinth seal xa uthutha ii-hydrocarbons ezingamanzi ekulula ukuba zibe ngumphunga.

(8) Ubomi obude
Ubomi boyilo lwempompo ngokuqhelekileyo ubuncinci iminyaka eyi-10.Ngokutsho kwe-API610 kunye ne-GB / T3215, ubomi boyilo lweepompo ze-centrifugal ze-petroleum, iikhemikhali ezinzima kunye namashishini egesi yendalo buya kuba ubuncinane be-20 iminyaka.